The development of a virtual simulator for a novel design surgical tool in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is a standard procedure to treat the pituitary adenoma, tumor in gland that causes malfunction of hormones. Although method substantially minimal invasive, surgeon may encounter intricacies. The major challenges are narrow pathway, limited working area, lack case studies for practicing, steep learning curve owing intricate steps, and tool insertion risk. To ease neurosurgeons, this research focuses on development testing surgical simulator based pathway guidance interchangeable instrument tooltip. system was tested human cadaver-based experiments with interchangeability terms function performance benefits. demonstrate augmentation skill user through completion time assessment error reduction. Furthermore, satisfaction level tool, which found using sliding switch gripper scored 71.40%, tooltip function, novel participants 85.6% practical use had 77%. geometric aspect lowest (62.80%) be moderate among neurosurgeons.